WAN - Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

Yuhuhuuu…. Sekarang udah masuk ke WAN deh. WAN itu apa sih? Sebenernya cases jaringan yang kita bawakan di blog ini (case routing) sudah dianggap sebagai jenis WAN. Akan tetapi itu menekankan pada routing-nya saja. Lalu bagaimana dengan WAN itu sendiri? OK… sabar, muahahahaha. WAN itu Wide Area Network dimana cakupan area jaringannya antar negara, benua, maupun angkasa.

WAN pada CCNA ini menekankan pada encapsulation frame (layer 2) pada port Serial. Ada 3 protokol encapsulation yang diperkenalkan pada CCNA yaitu HDLC, PPP, dan Frame Relay. Penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut:

·  HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control): Protokol yang paling sedikit melakukan konfigurasi untuk melakukan koneksi. Jadi simpel untuk Point to Point. HDLC protokol hanya untuk router cisco saja.

·     PPP (Point to Point Protocol)           :    Protokol yg sama dengan HDLC, hanya bedanya bisa di merek router mana aja dan banyak fitur untuk jaringan dial up.

·    Frame Relay                                  :Protokol digital packet-switched service yang dapat berjalan dengan koneksi digital synchronous di layer data link.

Karena kita menggunakan perangkat cisco, jadi HDLC tidak perlu di-lab-kan. Konfigurasi PPP (Point to Point Protocol) menggunakan authentication. Authentication ada 2 untuk PPP yaitu:

·    PAP (Password Authentication Protocol): Protokol otentifikasi dengan mengirim data username dan password dalam clear text secara online.

·  CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol): Protokol otentifikasi dengan mengirim identifier yang berubah-ubah dan variable guna challenge.

Yuk kita main PPP dengan CHAP. Kebutuhan yang digunakan yaitu:

·      Encapsulation: PPP

·      Authentication: CHAP

·      Routing: Static

1.    Buat 2 switch tipe 2960, 2 router tipe 1841, dan 2 PC lalu hubungkan seperti gambar di bawah ini.

1.    Cek encapsulation awal pada R1. Encapsulation masih HDLC.

Router#sh int s0/0/0

Serial0/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)

  Hardware is HD64570

  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

  Last input never, output never, output hang never

  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: weighted fair

  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)

     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)

     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

     Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets

     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

     0 carrier transitions

Router#

2.    Lakukan konfigurasi R1

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#host R1

R1(config)#int fa0/0

R1(config-if)#ip add 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no sh

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#int s0/0/0

Router(config-if)#ip add 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.252

Router(config-if)#clock rate 125000

Router(config-if)#no sh

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#username R2 password R2A

R1(config)#int s0/0/0

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ex

R1#

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R1#sh int s0/0/0                //untuk mencek encapsulation dari port serial 0/0/0

Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down (disabled)

  Hardware is HD64570

  Internet address is 100.100.100.1/30

  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

  LCP Closed               //ini LCP masih closed karena router tetanggnya belum enkapsulasi PPP

  Closed: LEXCP, BRIDGECP, IPCP, CCP, CDPCP, LLC2, BACP

  Last input never, output never, output hang never

  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: weighted fair

  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)

     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)

     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

     Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

R1#conf t

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 100.100.100.2

R1(config)#do sh ip rout        //cek static route-nya

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

     100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       100.100.100.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

C       100.100.100.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

S    192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 100.100.100.2

3.    Cek encapsulation awal pada R2. Encapsulation masih HDLC.

Router#sh int s0/0/0

Serial0/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)

  Hardware is HD64570

  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

  Last input never, output never, output hang never

  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: weighted fair

  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)

     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)

     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

     Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets

     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

     0 carrier transitions

Router#

4.    Lakukan konfigurasi R2

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#host R2

R2(config)#int fa0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no sh

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#int s0/0/0

R2(config-if)#ip add 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.252

R2(config-if)#no sh

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#username R1 password R1A

R2(config)#int s0/0/0

R2(config-if)#ppp authentication chap

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#ex

R2#

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R2#sh int s0/0/0                //untuk mencek encapsulation dari port serial 0/0/0

Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)

  Hardware is HD64570

  Internet address is 100.100.100.2/30

  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,

     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255

  Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

  LCP Open               //sekarang LCP-nya OPEN

  Open: IPCP, CDPCP

  Last input never, output never, output hang never

  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0

  Queueing strategy: weighted fair

  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)

     Conversations  0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)

     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

     Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec

  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

  5 minute output rate 54 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

     13 packets input, 744 bytes, 0 no buffer

     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles

     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

     87 packets output, 5376 bytes, 0 underruns

R2#conf t

R2(config)#ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 100.100.100.1

R2(config)#do sh ip rout        //cek static route-nya

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S       10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 100.100.100.1

     100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C       100.100.100.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

C       100.100.100.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

5.    Jika berhasil maka akan seperti gambar di bawah ini.

Kesimpulannya adalah username merupakan hostname router tetangga, sedangkan password bisa sesuka hati saja. Gampang kan yaa PPP dan Authentication CHAP-nya? Kalau ada yang kurang jelas, langsung tanya aja kea ne yaaa… SEMANGAAAATTTTT!!!!


http://www.petri.co.il/csc_3_wan_protocols_you_should_know.htm
http://computernetworkingnotes.com/wan-protocols-hdlc-ppp-frame-really-nat-pat/wan-terms.html
http://www.pinet.org/2012/11/perbedaan-chap-dan-pap/
http://namakubeno.blogspot.com/2013/02/perbedaan-chap-dan-pap.html